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{"id":49159,"date":"2024-11-08T11:22:08","date_gmt":"2024-11-08T05:22:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/?p=49159"},"modified":"2025-03-26T16:27:21","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T10:27:21","slug":"detecting-imadetecting-image-manipulation-biological-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uat-wordpress.enago.com\/academy\/detecting-imadetecting-image-manipulation-biological-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Spotting the Fakes: Understanding the common types of image manipulation in biological research"},"content":{"rendered":"Images serve as visual evidence in biological research that help researchers validate their experimental findings. They also enable others in the field to reproduce the studies, adding trust and credibility to the findings. However, there has been a concerning rise in image integrity issues, which represent one of the major forms of scientific misconduct. Such issues can lead to serious consequences: reduced citations, retractions, loss of credibility and termination of the researchers involved in the study. Furthermore, this undermines public confidence in research and journals.<\/p>\n
To better understand how these issues arise, it is important to first recognize and differentiate acceptable forms of image editing. Generally, any linear adjustments that are made to improve the clarity of the entire image is acceptable. This include:<\/p>\n
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![\"Changes](\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\")
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Changes in contrast of the entire image<\/p><\/div>\n
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Changes in brightness of the entire image<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n
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Changes in color of the entire image<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n
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Simple magnification of a section when provided with the original image alongside<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n
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Using arrows and boxes to highlight specific aspects of the image<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n
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Providing scale bars and labels<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
![\"Changes](\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Changes-in-contrast-of-the-entire-image.jpg\")
<\/p>\r\n![\"Brightness\"](\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Changes-in-brightness-of-the-entire-image-2.jpg\")
Changes in brightness of the entire image<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n![\"Color\"](\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Changes-in-color-of-the-entire-image.jpg\")
Changes in color of the entire image<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n![\"Magnification\"](\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Simple-magnification-of-a-section-when-provided-with-the-original-image-alongside.jpg\")
Simple magnification of a section when provided with the original image alongside<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n![\"arrows\"](\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Using-arrows-and-boxes-to-highlight-specific-aspects-of-the-image.jpg\")
Using arrows and boxes to highlight specific aspects of the image<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n![\"scale](\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Providing-scale-bars-and-labels.jpg\")
Providing scale bars and labels<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n