Warning: Undefined array key "HTTP_CLOUDFRONT_FORWARDED_PROTO" in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-config.php on line 10
Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the accelerated-mobile-pages domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121
Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the cite domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121
Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the favorites domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121
Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the miniorange-login-openid domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121
Deprecated: TotalPollVendors\TotalCore\Foundation\Environment implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/plugins/totalpoll/vendor/misqtech/totalsuite-totalcore/src/Foundation/Environment.php on line 14
Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the user-profile domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121
Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-latest-posts domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121
Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the anspress-question-answer domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121
Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the publisher domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121 Peer Review Through Ages! — A Brief History
Welcome to Enago AcademyClick to listen highlighted text!Welcome to Enago Academy
The peer review process was developed to help journal editors decide which manuscripts deemed suitable for publishing. Eventually, the process evolved and transitioned from its initial unidirectional purpose of assessing papers for accuracy to evaluating papers with an intent to uphold the integrity of research study before publication.
Today, the peer review process is at the helm of ensuring that a scientific manuscript is experimentally and ethically correct. Furthermore, it determines which papers meet a journal’s standard of quality and confirms originality before publication.
It is now a practice by most credible scientific research journals and plays an imperative role in determining the credibility and quality of submitted work.
Learn more about the lesser known facts about the evolution of the peer review process.
Warning: file_put_contents(/var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/cache/asset-cleanup/_storage/item/wpacu_js_optimize_bd977dd9a71dd77451a67c4f35c64366.txt): Failed to open stream: Permission denied in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/plugins/wp-asset-clean-up/classes/FileSystem.php on line 107
Warning: file_put_contents(/var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/cache/asset-cleanup/_storage/item/wpacu_js_optimize_36031695abd73126baae102acdb52fa8.txt): Failed to open stream: Permission denied in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/plugins/wp-asset-clean-up/classes/FileSystem.php on line 107
Warning: file_put_contents(/var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/cache/asset-cleanup/_storage/item/wpacu_js_optimize_1c7cd8a5c1546ef9df2c7da80ea7073c.txt): Failed to open stream: Permission denied in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/plugins/wp-asset-clean-up/classes/FileSystem.php on line 107
Warning: file_put_contents(/var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/cache/asset-cleanup/_storage/item/wpacu_js_optimize_4ab4ead0165e8cdba9f6d77baf223655.txt): Failed to open stream: Permission denied in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/plugins/wp-asset-clean-up/classes/FileSystem.php on line 107
Warning: file_put_contents(/var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/cache/asset-cleanup/_storage/item/wpacu_css_optimize_488c2a6aacbe4caa63108db240709b51.txt): Failed to open stream: Permission denied in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/plugins/wp-asset-clean-up/classes/FileSystem.php on line 107
Warning: file_put_contents(/var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/cache/asset-cleanup/_storage/item/wpacu_css_optimize_19ed99e13f5698bb468563eb966f2c48.txt): Failed to open stream: Permission denied in /var/www/public/www.enago.com/academy/wp-content/plugins/wp-asset-clean-up/classes/FileSystem.php on line 107 Click to listen highlighted text!
